In contrast to synthetic chemicals, herbal formulations combine herbs in precise amounts to provide medicinal or cosmetic benefits with fewer adverse effects. Herbal creams are semisolid emulsions that fall into the oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) categories. They are used for a variety of applications, including skin care and mosquito repellent. Millions of people worldwide are impacted by mosquitoes, including species like Aedes and Culex, which are important carriers of diseases like dengue and malaria. Repellents, which might be synthetic or natural, are frequently used in effective mosquito control. Natural options like those using Neem, Tulsi and Lemongrass extracts, are being explored as safer, biodegradable alternatives to synthetic chemicals like DEET. Herbal mosquito repellent cream offer a promising solution to prevent mosquito bites and associated diseases, minimizing health risks compared to conventional repellents. The aim of the study was to develop an herbal mosquito repellent cream using Neem extract and essential oils from Clove, Tulsi, and Lemongrass. The plant profiles include Neem known for its antimicrobial and mosquito repellent properties. Lemongrass used for its insecticidal and antimicrobial benefits, Tulsi valued for its antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects and Clove recognized for its insecticidal properties. The extraction methods involved maceration for Neem and Clevenger apparatus for the Essential oils. The cream was prepared using a water-in-oil emulsion method with ingredients including Beeswax, liquid paraffin, and coconut oil in the oil phase and glycerin, borax and rose water in the aqueous phase. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were tested, with F1 showing the best stability, no phase separation, and no irritancy, making it suitable for further use.

Skin diseases are a big health issue that affects a large number of people in India. These conditions can cause serious emotional and mental stress to patients, which might be more troubling than the physical effects. As people, especially the younger generation, become more aware of their appearance and how it affects their self-esteem, their anxiety can get worse. Skin disorders happen when there is a problem with the skin's parts or layers. They can affect anyone, no matter their age, gender, race, or how much money they have. Most people experience some kind of skin issue, and the main types are dry skin, acne, and hyperpigmentation. Because of how widely skin problems affect people around the world, this paper looks at the three most common types that have been the focus of many studies. Skin structure is explained with a focus on the layers like the outer skin layer called the epidermis and the deeper layer called the dermis. It also covers how skin renews itself over time and looks at different ways people study skin, along with its physical features such as how it handles stress, stretches, and absorbs things. When looking at skin issues, the most papers written about dry skin were found, which matches what other research has shown. Three skin problems — dry skin, acne, and dark spots — were closely examined based on how they look and their unique features. The causes of these skin issues were also looked at carefully using tools.

This study addresses the green synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma longa), haritaki (Terminalia chebula), and bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica) to increase antimicrobial activity. Particle size analysis and SEM studies revealed that the herbal extracts work as both reducing and stabilizing agents in AgNPs production, resulting in nanoparticle sizes ranging from 120 to 180 nm. Antimicrobial investigations using the agar well diffusion method reveal that herbal-based AgNPs had significantly greater inhibition zones against a variety of bacteria and fungi than individual herbal extracts. These findings suggest that integrating traditional herbal medicine with nanotechnology could yield environmentally safe and effective antimicrobial agents.

The present study aims to formulate and evaluate an activated charcoal toothpaste for enhanced oral hygiene and stain removal activated charcoal known for its high adsorptive capacity and natural origin we prepared trituration method and formulated four different formulations (F1-F4) by changing the ratios of calcium carbonate and activated charcoal. The developed charcoal toothpaste formulation was characterized by various parameter like ph, viscosity, foaming capacity, spread ability, physical appearance. Among the four formulations evaluated, the results obtained for each varied. However, formulation F4 demonstrated satisfactory outcomes, with all evaluation parameters falling within the desired range. Therefore, F4 is identified as the most promising formulation for ensuring oral hygiene.

(E)4-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid (HBA) used to test its antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic albino rats. (HBA) is given to the STZ induced diabetic rats at the concentration of 0.01 mg/kg body weight in different groups of 6 diabetic rats each orally once a day for 15 days. Body weight showed significant increase (p